Genealogy, family history. Revizsky tales

At the beginning of the 18th c. the tax system has undergone new changes. The per capita taxation was introduced, the unit of which was the male soul. In accordance with the new taxation system, a new form of population accounting was adopted, the so-called audits ("cushion censuses"). In total, 10 audits were conducted in Russia.

Decree on holding 1 revision published by Peter I on November 26, 1718. It began after the publication of the decree of the Senate on January 22, 1719 and lasted until 1727. Not only the Russians, but also the majority of other peoples were rewritten. Nevertheless, a number of peoples (Bashkirs, part of the Tatars, etc.) were not taken into account. In addition, initially the audit did not extend to the Baltic states, Little Russia, Sloboda Ukraine, as well as Ukrainians living in Russian provinces. However, later on all these territories local audits of the population were carried out or other forms of population accounting were implemented (for example, in Little Russia - "censuses" that took into account the number of households and the employee of the Cossacks).

2 revision was made after the promulgation of the decree of 16December 1743: it began in 1744 and ended in 1747. It, like the 1st revision, again did not touch a number of peoples (the Bashkirs, parts of the Tatars, Siberian tribes, Lapps). There were no 2 audits in the territory of Little Russia. Nevertheless, the 2nd audit covered some categories of the population that were not covered by the 1st audit. In particular, residents of Ingermanlandia (the part of the present Leningrad region inhabited by Finns), Ukrainians on Russian lands and in Slobodsky regiments, as well as foreigners who accepted Orthodoxy were taken into account. The Senate decree of March 22, 1746 stipulated that the ethnicity of the population accounted for by the audit should be recorded separately, while it was permitted, when taking into account baptized non-Russians, not to indicate their ethnicity.

17 years after the start of the second audit, it was decided to hold third revision. This time the government came to the conclusion thatincluding in the audit tale of all women. Prior to this, their numbers were determined by doubling the number of males. The third revision began in 1762 and basically ended by the middle of 1764. Taking into account all the omissions and "runaway souls," the total population of Russia by 1763 was 23,200 thousand people. However, the audit undereducated a significant part of the population, and later, already in the course of the next, 4, a large number of underpriced souls were not surveyed. By the beginning of the third revision, the list of categories of population subject to audit accounting was finally established and a form of documents compiled during audits was developed. With 3 revisions, a single printed form of the auditory tale is introduced, which existed practically unchanged up to 10 revisions. Beginning with the 3rd revision, information on all the faces of the male female (last name, first name, patronymic, age, class affiliation, place of residence) was included in the fairy tales.

In 1781-1783 was held 4 revision. Unlike all the previous ones, itspread to the whole territory of Russia, covering also those outlying areas where before only their local calculus was conducted. She pointed out the ethnicity of not only "unbaptized heterodoxes", but also "newly baptized", i.e. who adopted Orthodoxy in the 30-50's of the XVIII century. Ethnic communities that had long since adopted Christianity did not stand out: the Byelorussians, Poles (except those who lived in Riga), Latvians, Estonians, Izhorians, Karelians, Finns, Komi, Komi-Permyaks, etc.

June 23, 1794 a decree was issued to hold the next, 5, audit, which should be completed by the beginning of 1796. Forms of documents remained the same as during the Fourth Revision. According to its results, there were already 28.3 million people in Russia.

Subsequent audits - 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 began to be held in 1811, 1815, 1833, 1850, 1857 respectively.

In the form of a fairy tale 7 audits for some categories of the population information about the specialty is entered; information about the female field is highlighted and made up the right side of the tale.

Revisions did not cover the entire population,most of them did not cover the entire territory of the country, and were stretched in time (although the timing of their implementation gradually decreased). For almost a century and a half, audits were in fact the only sufficiently broad form of accounting for the country's population, only in some regions besides them were local estimates.

Revizskie tales allow you to establish the following information: class affiliation of the person filinga fairy tale; age, surname (if any), name, patronymic and place of birth; place of permanent residence; the presence of male and female children (except for 1-2 and 6 revisions), indicating the time and place of their birth; relatives and "working people" with the indication of surnames, names, age and class belonging; the amount of taxes paid to the treasury; the property status of the presenting tale (not always); in a number of cases, for 1-5 revisions - nationality; on 1 audit - physical defects ("injured", "blind"). You can set the age at the time of the census, and not the year of birth, so the calculated year of birth for different revisions is usually different.

The categories of the population listed in the Revival tales of those times: petty bourgeois, clergymen, soldiers, guild,from the merchants, peasants. The latter category included the following groups: free-grain farmers, odnodvortsy, beans, black-body, household, economic, specific, etc. The "census sheets" introduced the civil status of each of the subscribed subscribers to the present and past audit. For example, military service had the following options: handed over to recruits, put in warriors, in the militia, given to prisoner companies. Important information was considered on population movements, where there were variants such as: resettled, resettled, transferred, came from somewhere, in an unknown absence, on the run, freed-up.

However, even the latest revisions were very far from the general census, since they did not include a huge group that was exempt from accounting. From the record were released:

1) the nobility,

2) state. employees,

3) home teachers,

4) the lower military ranks (Don, Black Sea and other Cossacks),

5) honorary citizens,

6) persons belonging to the postal and theatrical departments,

7) all persons who have received academic, medical, academic degrees,

8) masters of state plants, etc.

Not all revisi tales have survived. Not all the surviving ones are described (that is, they were in the inventory), that is, even if they are, you will be told that they are not. The survivors are not always given to researchers - for this they must be stitched, numbered and in good condition. In general, they are stored in federal archives - funds of Landrace books and revision tales, the Economic Board (RGADA); The Senate, the Department of Various Taxes and Charges of the Ministry of Finance (RGIA) - and in the regional archives - the funds of the provincial boards, state chambers, petty bureaucrats, county temporary audit commissions of the All-Russian People's Censuses, personal funds.