Genealogy, family history. Population Censuses up to 1917

If you are composing your family treeor simply interested in the history of your family, you can refer to the census documents. They contain very detailed information on each family, property status, educational level, etc.

In Russia, the first general population census was carried out in 1897.

The first general census of the RussianThe Empire was held as of February 9 (January 28 by the old style) in 1897. It was organized under the leadership of the famous Russian geographer and statistics PP. Semenov-Tian-Shansky. The census took into account three categories of the population: cash, permanent, accrual (legal). However, the results were developed mainly for the cash population. The census was strictly timed to a certain moment. The census program was very detailed.
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It was intended to develop census materialson counting machines, in connection with which the census forms of the list form were accepted: sheets of form A - for peasant farms of rural societies, they had to be filled in with counters; sheets of Form B - for proprietorships, private houses and internal villages, and Form B - for urban residents (apartments), here the method of self-calculation was used. But because of low literacy of the population, most of the forms were filled in by counters.

Census sheets were distributed and filled in the villagefor 30-20 days, in cities - for 10-5 days before the day of the census. On February 9-10, in the countryside, the counters collected completed sheets and corrected them as of the critical moment. The census program included 14 items

In the form of this census everyone was givena separate line in which the answers to the questions of the census were written down: 1. Name.2. Marital status.3. Attitude to the head of the economy. Sex. Age. Estate. Confession. Place of birth. Place of residence.10. Place of residence. Mother tongue.12. Literacy. Lesson.14. Physical deficiencies. Instead of a surname, a name, a patronymic it was possible to name a nickname, and instead of one name - a little.

Census papers survived completely in Tobolskand the Arkhangelsk gubernias, and on others - or partially, or did not reach our days. In fact, they are stored in federal archives: in the funds of the Main Census Commission, the Center for the Statistics Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (from 1858 to 1917); and in regional archives - in the funds of statistical committees.

In the 90s of the XIX century, the attempt to rewriteThe population of Sakhalin on its own initiative undertook Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. He personally walked around the house and filled thousands of census cards. Chekhov was a participant in the census of 1897, led a group of counters in the Serpukhov district of the Moscow province.

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