Family history: onomastics, anthroponymics

Onomastics - the science of the names of all types of their own, othe laws of their development and functioning. Linguistic in its basis, onomastics includes historical, geographical, ethnographic, cultural, sociological, literary components that help to identify the specificity of named objects and traditions associated with their names, which takes onomastics beyond the framework of linguistics proper and makes it an autonomous discipline that uses primarily linguistic methods, closely related to the complex of humanities, as well as the Earth and the Universe.

Anthroponimics (Greek. 'Person' + 'name'), a section of onomastics, studying the names of people (anthroponyms); their origin, evolution, the laws of their functioning. An anthroponym is any name proper, which is called a person: a personal name (Ivan, Maria / Marya, Vanya, Manya); patronymic (Ivanovich / Ivanych, Savelevich / Savelich, Ivanovna / Ivanna); surname (Ivanov, Ivanovsky, Ivanovsky); a nickname (Hamster, Pitcher Rifle, Aunt Horse, Clumsy); a pseudonym (Yehudiulid Chlamida - M.Gorky, Kazak Lugansky - V.Dal); nicknames (the Soybean, Koba).

Each nation has its own unique history,culture ... And the surnames of each people reflect the ancient traditions and folklore, life and professional occupations, the myths of the ancestors and the realities of their life as best as possible.

Have you ever thought about your name,What is it? Unusual, rare, or vice versa often found in our time. Many people do not even know what secrets are their name, everyone wants to know the meaning of their surname. Many people have been helped in life by such information as the origin of the family name, the meaning of the name and the history of the name. From the name of the surname you can learn a lot of interesting information, find out your family tree, where the surname originated, who were the ancestors in the family and other very interesting information that will not leave anyone indifferent.

In the opinion of the anthroponymists, Russian surnames can be divided into the following main groups:

1. Surnames, formed from the canonical and various folk forms of christening Christian names.


2. Surnames that have preserved the worldly names in their basis. Worldly names came from pagan times, when there were no church names: many of them were simply their own names, others arose as nicknames, but then their base was forgotten and they became just names. The third names were given by superstitious parents to their children in order to save them from various everyday problems: then princes named Batrak and Golik, priests named Chert and Satan, and, finally, numerous Fools and Oblatus, who were not such, appeared. One was the care of the parents: let the child safely escape those troubles that take the name given to him.


3. Surnames, formed from professional ancestral nicknames, telling who of them what he did. Hence the Goncharovs, Ovsyannikovs, Cherepennikovs, Bondarchuks, Kovali, etc.



4. Surnames, formed from the name of the locality,from which one of the ancestors originated (the basis for such names was different geographical names - cities, villages, villages, rivers, lakes, etc.): Meshcheryakov, Semiluki, Novgorodtsev, Moskvitinov, etc.



5. The most interesting group of Russian names -belonged to the Orthodox clergy: Apollo, Gilyarovsky, Troitsky, Rozhdestvensky. By the way - Luzhkov, Vysotsky, Ozerov and even Mayors and Luminants. Some experts will ask: "But many Russian names have a Muslim, Buddhist or Jewish origin"? The answer is simple: all the names of the peoples of the world existing in our time have arisen approximately under the same circumstances. But only the Russian Orthodox clergy, which, unlike other faiths, never tried to "press down on the nails of the soulless," made an enviable variety in Russian surnames. It was here that emerged as a result of the special word-creation of the names of the Hyacinths and Tuberozes, Cypresses and Ptolemies, Tsezarev and Emperors, and many others.