First aid for drowning

Unfortunately, cases of drowning are not uncommon. Especially now, when the summer is in full swing. Therefore, vacationers should pay maximum attention to their safety on the water.

Swim and sunbathe best on the "official" beaches, where there is all the necessary means to save drowning. On such beaches should be arrangeda rescue station, whose specialists are always ready to help at the right time. At the rescue station, lifebuoys, binoculars and boats must be available. On the beach should be observation towers for rescuers.

Under no circumstances should you enter the water in a state of alcoholic or narcotic intoxication! Do not sail away from the shore, swimfor buoys, dive too deep - you can not calculate your strength. You can not swim and even more dive in unfamiliar places of water bodies - this is fraught with trauma.

Noticing the sinking person, it is necessary to inform the rescuers immediately. But if the rescuers are far away or they are not at all on the beach, then you need to save the sinking yourself.

The rescuer must quickly reach the closest to the sinking place along the shore. Swim to the drowning needs from behind, otherwise drowning in convulsive attempts to swim can inadvertently grab the rescuer and get rid of such a capture is very difficult.

If the drowning sank to the bottom, then you need to diveand swim to the sinking along the bottom, taking into account the direction and speed of the current. When a sink is found, take it by the hand, under the mouse or by the hair. Strongly pushing away from the bottom, float up, working with legs and a free hand.

On the surface should be maintained sinking so,that his head should remain above the surface of the water. Helping yourself with a free hand, you should try to deliver the victim as quickly as possible to the shore.

In the first minute after drowning in water, more than 90% of the victims can be saved, in 6-7 minutes - only about 1-3%. Therefore, you need to pull yourself together, drop the panic and start acting. The necessary amount of first aid for drowning is assessed based on the condition of the victim.

When drowning, death occurs as a result oflack of oxygen. Lack of oxygen can be caused by reflex spasm of the larynx, which prevents the ingress of not only air, but also water into the lungs. This drowning was called dry.

With dry drowning, the victim loses consciousness and immediately sinks to the bottom. The skin of the victim has a bluish tint, but it is less pronounced than when true drowningi.e. drowning due to ingress of water into the respiratory tract. Also, with a true drowning from the mouth and nose of the victim, a foamy liquid is released.

When drowning in fresh water water quickly enters the victim's bloodstream due toThe fact that the concentration of salts in fresh water is less than in blood. At the same time, erythrocytes are destroyed, gas exchange is disrupted, pink foam is formed. Sometimes there is pulmonary edema.

When drowning in sea water the blood of the victim, on the contrary, thickens and part of the blood from the blood vessels penetrates into the alveoli. The fluid in the alveoli leads to their rupture. Developed pulmonary edema. There is a cardiac arrest.

With the so-called syncopal drowning the affected have no breath and no heartbeat. Skin unlike other types of drowning is not cyanotic, and pale color.

When the victim is brought ashore, it is necessary to check the state of his vital signs. If breathing and pulse are satisfactory, thenThe injured person should be placed on a dry, hard surface. The head of the victim should be lowered. The victim should be relieved of the shy clothes, rubbed with hands or a towel. Give the victim a hot drink, wrap them in a warm blanket. Call an ambulance and be sure to send the victim to hospitalization.

If the drowned person is unconscious, but he has a pulse and breathing, it is necessary to clean its oral cavity of sand, silt, vomit. The further actions are similar to the above.

If the victim has no signs of life (no breath, no pulse), then it is necessary to clearlungs affected by water and immediately begin resuscitation. To remove fluid from the respiratory tract of the victim, it should be placed by the abdomen on the thigh bent at the knee joint of the leg. On the victim's back, press between the shoulder blades. The second hand to hold the victim's forehead. These actions need to be done quickly.

To resuscitate a drowning person, he is given artificial respiration "mouth to mouth" or "mouth to nose" in combination with an indirect massage of the heart. For artificial ventilation of the lungs, the injured person should be laid on his back, freed from clothing, and thrown back his head. One rescuer puts one hand under the victim's neck, the other on the forehead.

Lower jaw of the victim to push forward andUp - this is necessary to restore the patency of the airways. Taking a deep breath, the rescuer, pressing his lips tightly against the mouth or nose of the victim (through the handkerchief, if any), blows in air. In this case, if the mouth-to-mouth breathing is done, it is necessary to pinch the victim's nose if the mouth is in the nose is the mouth. Exhalation occurs passively.

If during artificial respirationrespiratory tract drowned continues to be allocated fluid, it should turn the victim's head to the side and raise the opposite shoulder - so the fluid will flow more quickly.

Continue artificial respiration until complete recovery of respiratory function!

Indirect cardiac massage should be done if the victim has no signs of circulation. The rescuer should be located on the side ofthe injured person must have his arms perpendicular to the victim's chest surface. One arm is placed perpendicular to the sternum in its lower third, and the other - over the first arm, parallel to the plane of the sternum.

Rhythmic, with a frequency of 60-70 per minute, jerksthe rescuer should press sharply on the chest - the sternum bends to 3-4 cm and the blood from the ventricles of the heart gets into the circulatory system. In the intervals between pressure, hands can not be torn off.

When carrying out intensive care, 4-5 pressure should be alternated with one breath. Continue indirect heart massage follows the appearance of an independent heartbeat.

After providing first aid for drowning, the victim must be hospitalized, since even after recovery of vital functions there is a risk of secondary drowning and pulmonary edema.

Remember! The rescue of drowning people is, first of all, the work of the drowning themselves! Be careful on the water!