How to properly plant apple in spring: step by step video
It is known that inoculation of apple trees is not only the rejuvenation of trees, but also the potential to obtain new taste and other qualities of fruits. As a rule, vaccination is carried out in spring method of copulation (grafting by a cuttings) or by budding (budding) in summer. To copulation in modern horticultureresort much more often - when restoring damaged trees, growing dwarf varieties, replacing low-value varieties with more productive varieties or if they want to create a multi-grade apple tree. Read more in our article with step-by-step video for beginner gardeners.
When is it better to plant an apple tree?
From the very beginning of winter,after the first frost, when the apple branches are at rest. But it is possible and early in the spring, until the kidneys begin to swell. Select branches growing upwards, not older than a year, from healthy apple trees, 30-35 cm in length. The lower edge of the cut is cut at an oblique angle as sharp as possible (the length of the cut is three times the diameter of the branch), the upper edge on the kidney.
Before you start the vaccine, you need a goodWash your hands with laundry soap, and also check that the tool is not dirty. When carrying out the vaccination, it is better not to touch the stock and the scion, so as not to stain the slices.
Methods for grafting apple trees
There are several ways of grafting cuttings, in practical gardening, the following are usually used:
Simple copulating - for those cases when diameters of graft and rootstockare the same. So usually plant branches of age 1-2 years, making oblique identical slices (that they coincide completely). Apply slices try for a minute, otherwise the surface will have time to dry and oxidize, and the fusion will pass worse.
Improved copulation - for a stronger bonding of the stock and graftdue to an additional longitudinal cut (tongue) on the cut. On both sides slanting slices along the axis are cut into a third, neatly inserting the graft in the rootstock, not very deep, otherwise the graft may bend or break. If the branches have a different diameter, then it is necessary to combine the cambium well with one side so that there is no lumen.
Inoculation in cleavage Used for different diameter of branches. The root is split crosswise or crosswise and placed a pair of cuttings in it, first making long oblique sections on their lower part. Since in this case only one part of the graft is in contact with the cambium on the stock, this vaccination requires special attention.
Inoculation per bark. During the period of sap flow of the branch of large and mediumdiameter can be inoculated by the "per cortex" method. The apple branch is carefully cut in the place marked for vaccination, leaving the stump with a small bevel, the cut of hemp smoothly cleaned with a sharp knife. In the lower part of the scion, with 2-3 buds opposite the lower one, an oblique cut is made, retreating 5 cm from the base. At the butt end of the stock, the bark is cut, pushed back with a knife and inserted into this place by a prick (to the root with a slanting cut). If the branch is more than 5 cm in diameter, then you can graft two cuttings from both sides.
Inoculation in the lateral incision. If it is impossible to vaccinate the cortex,The stalk is placed in the side cut. On a tree through a bark and wood do an oblique cut, and on privo - two longitudinal joining together cut. Carefully enter the graft into a slot on the branch, seeking to combine both parts and cambium. After the grafted graft begins to grow, the upper part of the stock is cut with a knife.
Privoj it is necessary to insert on the top party of a branch, in that case at a cut will be a reliable emphasis, and he not at ripening of apples will not break off.
Video: how to properly plant the apple tree
The grafting of new branches is akin to surgicalOperation, because it requires no less care and accuracy. Therefore, those who for the first time alone are going to plant apple trees in their garden, the video will be invaluable.
Katerina Sergeenko
