What can the blood test show?
Modern medicine develops rapidlypace, trying to maximally save every person from disease. However, doctors are not gods, and without qualitative laboratory diagnostics it would be very difficult for them to make the right diagnoses and prescribe adequate treatment. Fortunately, a blood test comes to their aid, which is rightfully considered one of the first and fastest ways to get information about the fact that the patient has something wrong in the body. So, if you were given such a direction, you probably will be interested to know what the blood test shows, how to prepare for it and what results to expect.
Clinical and biochemical blood test: transcript
There are two types of tests: clinical (general, hematological) and biochemical.
Clinical blood tests are prescribed practicallyall patients, because he alone is able to identify several serious diseases or abnormalities that threaten the disease. It is taken at the time of registration, during pregnancy, taking some toxic drugs, treating infections and in many other cases. It includes the determination of the number of erythrocytes, the level of hemoglobin, the color index, the number of leukocytes, the leukocyte formula and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the number of reticulocytes and thrombocytes. Of course, the full explanation of the results can only be achieved by an experienced physician, but the patient does not need to have at least a general idea of the norms. For convenience, the following is a table of blood tests:
Notation, abbreviations | Normal values - a general blood test | ||||||||
children aged | adults | ||||||||
1 day | 1 month | 6 months | 12 months | 1-6 years old | 7-12 years old | 13-15 years old | Man | female | |
Hemoglobin Hb, g / l | 180-240 | 115-175 | 110-140 | 110-135 | 110-140 | 110-145 | 115-150 | 130-160 | 120-140 |
Erythrocytes RBC | 4,3-7,6 | 3,8-5,6 | 3,5-4,8 | 3,6-4,9 | 3,5-4,5 | 3,5-4,7 | 3,6-5,1 | 4-5,1 | 3,7-4,7 |
Color metric MCHC,% | 0,85-1,15 | 0,85-1,15 | 0,85-1,15 | 0,85-1,15 | 0,85-1,15 | 0,85-1,15 | 0,85-1,15 | 0,85-1,15 | 0,85-1,15 |
Reticulocytes RTC | 3-51 | 3-15 | 3-15 | 3-15 | 3-12 | 3-12 | 2-11 | 0,2-1,2 | 0,2-1,2 |
Platelets PLT | 180-490 | 180-400 | 180-400 | 180-400 | 160-390 | 160-380 | 160-360 | 180-320 | 180-320 |
ESR ESR | 2-4 | 4-8 | 4-10 | 4-12 | 4-12 | 4-12 | 4-15 | 1-10 | 2-15 |
Leukocytes WBC,% | 8,5-24,5 | 6,5-13,8 | 5,5-12,5 | 6-12 | 5-12 | 4,5-10 | 4,3-9,5 | 4-9 | 4-9 |
Stabbed % | 1-17 | 0,5-4 | 0,5-4 | 0,5-4 | 0,5-5 | 0,5-5 | 0,5-6 | 1-6 | 1-6 |
Segmented % | 45-80 | 15-45 | 15-45 | 15-45 | 25-60 | 35-65 | 40-65 | 47-72 | 47-72 |
Eosinophils EOS,% | 0,5-6 | 0,5-7 | 0,5-7 | 0,5-7 | 0,5-7 | 0,5-7 | 0,5-6 | 0-5 | 0-5 |
Basophils BAS,% | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Lymphocytes LYM,% | 12-36 | 40-76 | 42-74 | 38-72 | 26-60 | 24-54 | 25-50 | 18-40 | 18-40 |
Monocytes MON,% | 2-12 | 2-12 | 2-12 | 2-12 | 2-10 | 2-10 | 2-10 | 2-9 | 2-9 |
The level of hemoglobin will show the presence of seriousphysical overload or anemia, the number of red blood cells will indicate whether there are new growths in the body or you had a lot of blood loss. The color index is used in determining anemia, and the fluctuations of reticulocytes will be indicated as blood loss (increase in their number), and on kidney disease (decrease). A large number of platelets will give a signal about the inflammatory process, and a low number of them can mean autoimmune diseases, hemolytic disease. Acute inflammatory and purulent processes are determined by a sharp increase in the number of leukocytes. Thus, one small analysis provides a very wide range of information about the patient's condition.
Biochemical blood test will enable the doctor to evaluate the work of internal organs, the exchange of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a lack or an overabundance of microelements.
Blood test for hormones
It is taken during treatment of various diseases,as well as when planning a pregnancy. Such diagnostics allows early detection of abnormalities in the functioning of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, reproductive system, pancreas - depending on which hormones it is necessary to pass.
In addition, it is the blood before all the othersmethods of diagnosis will confirm or refute the onset of pregnancy. For this, women are sent to donate blood for hGh. HCG is a hormone that is produced by the envelopes of the embryo. Actually, according to the presence in the body of a chorionic woman, a doctor diagnoses pregnancy. Subsequently, the growth rate of this hormone can show the presence of two or more embryos, and also indicate the delay or termination of fetal development. The analysis can be carried out already on 6-8 day after the prospective conception.
Blood test for sugar
With his help identify diabetes and otherdiseases of the endocrine system. In blood taken on an empty stomach in an adult, the sugar should normally be in the range of 3.88 to 6.38 mmol / l. If this number is greater, then it can talk about the presence of diabetes, if less - about liver disease, vascular disorders, intoxication.
How to take blood tests
All of them surrender exclusively on an empty stomach, from the very beginningmorning after 8-12-hour fasting. Before checking the glucose level, it is not recommended even to brush your teeth and chew the cud, so as not to distort the results. The blood for biochemistry and hCG is taken from the vein, all the rest - from the finger. The day before the trip to the laboratory it is necessary to exclude from the diet fried, fatty, alcohol. An hour before the test is not allowed to smoke. In addition, nervous overexertion and excessive physical exertion should be avoided.
Human blood stores huge massifsinformation. Correctly deciphering it, doctors speed up the process of recovery for patients. Therefore, if you were prescribed to take a blood test, follow all the recommendations to make the result as accurate as possible. So you will help the doctor to establish the cause of the disease and cure you faster. Be healthy!
