Translation of clocks for winter time

The idea of ​​the possibility of translating a watch in order to save a daylight day first occurred to the New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson. Actively tried to translate it into life and the Englishman William Willett, which is mistakenly regarded as the onlythe inventor of summer time. In 1905, early in the morning, William drove through London. The sun was shining with might and main, but the city was still sleeping peacefully. Then William thought about what a large part of the daylight we spend on sleep. Willett, a great lover of being outdoors, thought this was simply an unthinkable waste.

In 1907, he published an article in one of the British newspapers "On the squandering of daylight". In it, he suggested every Sunday in April to translate the clock for 20 minutes (in the sum by the end of the month, 1 hour and 20 minutes was added to the time of the day), and in September to translate the clock back. But his proposal was met rather coolly, and in 1915 Willett died of the flu, never realizing it.

However, on April 30, 1916, the first country to support the translation of Germany. It was the height of the First World War, and prolonging the daylight hours due to the translation of the clock helped to reduce the consumption of coal. The example of Germany was followed by her allies.

Soon, other countries began to translate the clock. In 1917, they were joined by Russia, and a year later - by the United States. In Russia, summer time was called "decree", Because it was introduced on June 1, 1917decree of the Provisional Government. December 22, 1917 decree Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR again transferred the clock - now an hour ago. Until 1930, the clock was not transferred to the USSR, and in 1930 the mint was introduced again. On April 1, 1981, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, by its Resolution, introduced the translation of the clock for summer time. But the transition was carried out not with respect to the belt time, but relative to the maternity time, so the difference between summer and lap time in Russia was not 1 hour, but 2.

Now the clock is translated to winter time in the last Sunday in October (this year - October 30). Despite the fact that many of us translatehours in the evening, going to bed, or in the morning when they get up, there is a clear time for the translation of the clock. In Russia until recently, the clock was translated at 3 am, in Ukraine - at 4 o'clock. The total time is necessary, in particular, in order to keep the schedule of train traffic - the overnight train, which has left the summer time, will arrive to the destination by the winter time, but according to the schedule. The watch was never translated in only one organization - Mission Control Center (MCC). Complex configuration of the computer complex simply did not allow this, so the MCC lived all year round in winter Moscow time.

The main motive for translating hours for winter time - energy saving. The transition to winter time allows annuallysave about 2% of electricity. Most of the European countries, the USA, Australia, Paraguay, New Zealand, Chile, Brazil and some other countries transfer the clock to winter time. Do not use the summer time and, accordingly, do not reverse the transition to winter time near the equatorial countries, Japan, China, South Korea, etc.

In fact, "winter time" is an informal term,he was called so by analogy with summer. Making the clock transfer to the winter time, people, in fact, return to the local time, normal for their geographical location. However, this expression has already taken root in the language. In order to remember exactly how the watch is translated for winter and summer time, you can use the mnemonic reception, the abbreviation "ВВ ОО»-«spring forward, autumn back".

Around the translation of hours for winter time do not ceasedisputes. They say that it does not really help save energy, because it is used very actively in any case. They say that the body, especially children, it is very difficult to change after the clock is translated to winter time. They say that the transition to winter time is beneficial only to the producers of medicines, because it leads to health problems. Yes, many things they say.

In Russia, for example, from the transition to winter timerefused. In the spring of 2011, the hour hands were moved an hour ahead, and now the country will live in summer time, not returning to winter time. In Ukraine, on October 30, 2011, the last transition to winter time will take place, and Ukrainians will live according to the local time. Thus, now the time difference between Kiev and Moscow will be two hours, and not an hour, as before. If in your country still go to winter time, do not forget to transfer the clock on an hour ago!