Physical development of preschool children

The physical development of preschool children differs fromdevelopment of young children. Approximately up to three years the child grows "as a leap" - just have time to buy new clothes in return for the one that has become small. From four to six years Growth and weight gain become uneven: for three years the child becomes taller by an average of 15 cm, and his weight increases by only 5 kg.

The physical development of preschool children graduallybrings them closer to the body to the body of adults. But it should be remembered that they are still children, and the characteristics of the child's body (the structure of some organs and systems, rapid fatigue) do not allow them to withstand high loads.

So, what are the main features of the physical development of preschoolers? Children of preschool age are active formation of the musculoskeletal system. They do not yet have natural bendsspine, so it is very important to monitor the child's correct posture: in most scoliosis, kyphosis and other disorders of posture, "legs grow" from this age.

The process of ossification of the cartilaginous tissue in preschool childrenis not yet over, so excessive stress (especially on the lower limbs) is contraindicated for the child: injuries are possible. Since the child has weak muscles and ligaments, and the cartilaginous tissue is not yet fully ossified, deformation of the foot is possible, which will lead to flat feet. therefore flatfoot prevention you need to pay special attention.

The muscular system of preschoolers differs from the muscular system of adults: children fatigue faster, but this fatigue is faster than in adults. Therefore, children at this age are contraindicated monotonous long-term loads: if you are engaged with a child sports, you need to constantly alternate exercises for different muscle groups.

The rapid fatigue of preschool children is also associated with features of the development of the cardiovascular system. Preschool children have more relative blood volumeper kilogram of weight than in adults, the vessels are wider, the way of blood movement along the vessels is shorter, and the rate of blood circulation is higher. The child's heart is easily excited with a changed load, it adapts heavily to it (the rhythm of contractions is violated) and quickly becomes fatigued.

As for the development of the central nervous system, it should be noted that in children of preschool age, the processes of excitation predominate over the processes of inhibition. Therefore preschoolers are mobile and restless. They have fast and impulsive movements, unstable attention. Due to the fact that the movements of the preschooler are disorderly and inaccurate, excess muscle groups are involved in the work, the load on the respiratory and cardiovascular system increases.

The physical development of preschool children, its main features should be taken into account when planning of diet and exercise in preschool children. At preschool age, children have a high exchange ratesubstances, therefore it is important to provide the preschooler with a variety, useful and rational nutrition. Also, you need to ensure that the child is as much as possible in the fresh air.

At the preschool age the child needs moderate exercise. The main thing is to choose the optimal load level: it should not be either too high or too low. We have already said that because of the physiological characteristics of the preschooler quickly gets tired, but at the same time is quickly restored. Therefore, the optimal option - short-term loads, intermittent private breaks.

Many parents give the child to differentsports mugs and sections, lead to the pool. This is a good way out of the situation, but it is important to choose the right sport: sports that are associated with high loads, preschoolers are contraindicated. In addition to classes in circles and sections, you can do with your child at home. But you need to comply with this several important rules.

You need to work in a well-ventilated room,the optimum temperature is 20-22 ° C (not lower). It is best to practice daily at the same time. Begin with easier exercises, gradually complicating them. You need to alternate exercises for different muscle groups. It is very important not to put pressure on the child, not to scold him, if something does not work out for him. If you feel unwell, you need to stop exercising until there is an improvement.