Heuristic training

Translated from Greek heurisko - "I open", "I find", "I find". It is about finding knowledge, answering the questions posed. The origins of heuristic learning should be sought in Ancient Greece, in method of the ancient philosopher Socrates. He called his method of teaching mayevistic, which literally translates from Greek as midwifery. Socrates asked his students questions, urged them to reason; so in a conversation knowledge was born.

Modern heuristic training is based ononce in the Socratic Maytak. Its goal is to help the student to construct his own meaning, goals and content of education, the process of his organization, diagnosis and awareness. In more simple terms, heuristic training consists in the continuous opening of a new.

Despite the solid age of the method, the concept ofheuristic teaching in pedagogy began to be used relatively recently. Hence - the lack of a single interpretation: heuristic training can mean a form of training (for example, a heuristic conversation), method of teaching (say, brainstorming) or technology of creative development of students.

Heuristic training combines creative and cognitive activity. The teacher does not give the student ready knowledge; heprovides him with an object, the knowledge of which the student must master. An object can be a historical event, a natural phenomenon, a literary work, material for construction, etc. On its basis the child creates a product of activity - a hypothesis, text, scheme, product. The result of the child's creative activity can be absolutely unpredictable, it depends on the personality of the student. Only after this, the student, with the help of the teacher, compares the result with the known achievements in this area (cultural-historical analogs), reinterprets it.

The ultimate goal of heuristic learning is not the acquisition of specific knowledge, but creative self-realization of the student. Accordingly, it is not the child's assimilation of certain knowledge on a specific subject, but his creative achievements in this field.

Heuristic training is based on certain principles. Among them:

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  personal goal setting of the student;
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  the choice of an individual educational trajectory;
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  meta-subject basis of the content of education;
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  productivity of training;
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  primary education of the student;
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  situational learning;
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  educational reflection.

Often parents and even teachers confuse heuristic learning with the problematic. But there are differences between these methods. The cognitive task-the problem that the teacher poses to the child in problematic instruction-is a concrete decision or at least the direction of the solution. And an open task in heuristic training does not have the right solution, and the result is never known beforehand to either the student or the teacher.

The problem of problem learning is the transfer of experienceteacher to the student in an unconventional way (by posing a cognitive problem). And heuristic training implies creating a personal experience by the student. Wherein Problem training is often the preparatory stage for a heuristic: before creating your own product, the child must learn the ways of creating it. In this he is helped by the solution of cognitive problems.

Heuristic training can be used in teaching almost any school subject, most importantly - to come up with a good open assignment. For example, at the physics class, you can suggestthe student to design the device (at least on paper), at the lesson of social studies - to come up with a society of the future, at the lesson of physical education - to make up his own set of exercises for the development of a certain group of muscles.

Of course, heuristic training can not completely replace the traditional one, but it can and should be used as an addition to traditional methods for developing the child's creative abilities. A child is always pleased to feel a full participant in the learning process, when it is not trying to "shove" knowledgeforcibly, but give him to get them himself, even by trial and error. In the end, many great discoveries were made completely by accident!