Edible mushrooms, their photos and description. Edible mushrooms of Crimea and Moscow region in pictures

Edible mushrooms (photo): their benefits

Most of them are useful and nutritious. Some of them are even called forest meat, as they contain a lot of proteins. On average, they contain about one percent of amino acids. In addition, in "forest meat" a lot of carbohydrates, namely mycosis and glycogen. So the benefits of using them for food are indisputable.

If we talk about mineral substances, then theythere are a lot of edible mushrooms. Here and carotene, and potassium, and sulfur, and vitamins A, B, C and even PP. But in the mushrooms, besides many different enzymes, due to which the assimilation of food is accelerated.

However, in order for their useful propertiesas much as possible were uncovered - a certain culinary processing is very important. This can be a thorough grinding, long cooking or cooking sauces by using already dried products. Some mushrooms that are inedible in raw form can very easily be eaten after special preparation.

Description of edible mushrooms

In useful replicas, in contrast to poisonous,there are special tubes under the bonnet. Outwardly they may look like a sponge or plates. It is for this peculiarity that they are called tubular (lamellar).

During "quiet hunting" it is necessary to turnattention to how often the tubes are located, how they are attached to the leg, what color hymen (the layer with spores), and whether there are rings. They had to stay after the ripening of the fungus.

Before going into the forest, you need to find out inWhat color when pressing this or that edible mushroom. Since almost all of them have their own special shade. For example, when pressed, the Polish acquires a blue-green color, the fly is slightly bluish. The oak tree is painted in blue, but the boletus (white) does not change color at all. The podberezovik quite lightly turns pink on the cut or when pressing, and if we talk about the boletus, then they are painted in a dark wine color. It is best to preview the photos with these colors beforehand, in order not to confuse them later.

To date, there are more than sixty thousand types of fungal structures in the world. And only six and a half thousand of them are those that can be discerned with the naked eye.

In the Russian Federation, stocks of edible speciesmore than in any other country. As a rule, the main massif is located in the central band (different forest massifs). Nevertheless, if you want to find deposits you can everywhere. Even the inhabitants of Sakhalin and Krasnoyarsk for a very short period of a warm season can have time to make reserves from edible mushrooms.

Some amateurs even manage to grow edible crops in their cellars, kitchen gardens, cellars.

However, the most important thing is to remember everyone,who dare to go for a "quiet hunt," especially for the first time - it's better to bring a catalog with photos of edible and inedible mushrooms, so as not to make a mistake when finding it.

Classification and deposits of edible fungi

Description of the classification of edible fungiis divided into four sections (categories). It is his, as a rule, adhered to in our region. These categories help mushroom pickers to fully appreciate the taste and value of a particular culture. Sometimes the same species fall into several sections at once. For example, chanterelles are one of them (sometimes they are referred to the third, and sometimes to the fourth section). Consider in more detail those edible species that are found in the Moscow region and in the Moscow region.

I category

The first category includes the most valuable andtasty types of mushroom cultures. Here and white (boletus), and a yellow mushroom, and red. And the redheads were immediately two subspecies - spruce and pine. They are found, as can be understood from the names, under different trees.

Category II

The second category is valuable species thatquite a bit worse than the first. It includes oak-trees (speckled and others), oleaginous (summer, late and granular), podberozoviki, boletus, champignons, podgruzhki and even volnushka (white or pink).

Category III

In the third category there are those species whosevalue and taste at a fairly average level. Among these representatives are mosses (yellow, brown, green and mottled), honey agarics, podgruzhki, morels, russula, morel hats, chanterelles, field mushrooms and valui.

IV category

This group includes mushroom-outsiders. Their taste is below average and is of interest only when other, more valuable, simply do not exist. Most of them are considered edible only after special treatment. These include the following:

• 
  oyster (abundant and other species);


• 
  butter marsh;


• 
  mokruhi (all subspecies);


• 
  black mackerel;


• 
  pepper mushrooms;


• 
  spiderwebs (almost all subspecies);


• 
  the mosquitoes are red;


• 
  winter and spring firearms;


• 
  unsightly russula;


• 
  squeak;


• 
  hedgehogs;


• 
  green;


• 
  forest mushrooms (pink-plated);


• 
  goats;


• 
  dungbells (flickering, gray, white);


• 
  ryadovki (almost all varieties).

But if we talk about the Crimean peninsula, thencatalogs with pictures are simply full of various edible crops, which are found there in abundance. Only according to preliminary estimates in Crimea there are more than two hundred different species, among which about a hundred are edible mushrooms. As a rule, in this area the fungi of the first and third category prevail.

Precautions related to "quiet hunting"

Many people prefer not to collect, but to buymushrooms. It should be noted separately that they can only be purchased from trusted sellers. In places where the products have been checked by specialists. Also, in no case can you buy these products in a spontaneous trading place. This is fraught with disastrous consequences for health and even life.

If you yourself go to the forest - take better notone, and several books with descriptions and names of edible mushrooms. Naturally, with a photo. Perhaps, it will be able to minimize the risks that exist at each hike in the forest.

It is also necessary to know that along the roads,agricultural fields, as well as environmentally unsafe zones, it is absolutely impossible to collect mushrooms. They are not in vain called sponges. They absorb all radioactive, herbicidal and pesticidal substances.

To collect it is best to take wicker baskets that have a beneficial effect on your harvest. At the same time plastic is not the best container for your catch.

In addition, do not take with yourself overripecopies, since they contain too much unprofitable protein, which becomes a toxin. The same prohibition can be attributed to the recommendation not to take specimens with diseases, mold and flabby places on the stem or bonnet. These toxins are then not killed in any way: neither by freezing, nor by heating.

Thus, we can say that walking on mushroomsin the forest - a kind of national sport, which ends with a collective cleaning and cooking in the kitchen. However, it is very important to know how to collect them correctly in order to avoid food poisoning or more lamentable consequences.