Character and temperament of the child

The nature of the child is not a given and the child does not possess this or that character since birth. However, the basic character traits are inherent in a little man genetically - they are determined by the type temperament. So, from the phlegmatic one should not wait for turbulent emotions, omnipresent curiosity, but the sanguine-laughter can not be reassured: he is active, cheerful, frisky.

In addition to the type of temperament, the interaction with the surrounding world, the society, influences the formation of the child's character. And of course not the last role is played hereupbringing. Parents, kindergarten teachers, school teachers - they all take a direct part in the upbringing of the child, but we should not forget about the upbringing that gives the child contact with peers.

Follow the formation of the nature of the child and guide him to the right "channel" you need from birth. The first manifestations of the temperament of the baby can beto notice already at 3-4 months of age: babies with different temperaments react differently to various events, for example, to the appearance of a stranger, to a new toy, to wet diapers. At the age of one and a half to two years, the child's temperament becomes more and more obvious, because now the kid also includes speech in his communication.

According to one of the most common theories of the basic types of temperament, four are distinguished: choleric, sanguine, melancholic and phlegmatic. Another, more modern, classification of temperaments highlights easy (complaisant), slowly "warming up" and difficult (irritable) types.

The type of the child's temperament is determined by certain properties of his nervous system. Thus, the predominance of nerve excitation processesover the processes of inhibition in combination with high mobility of the nervous system gives rise to a sanguine or complaisant type of temperament. And, on the contrary, children with pronounced inhibition processes (ability to exercise calmness, contain irritation, etc.) are phlegmatic and slowly "warm up".

Change the type of temperament of the child can not, but adjust its features during the formation of the nature of the child - not only possible, but also necessary. The choleric must learn to restrain his emotions, not to waste his forces, to balance his desires with his capabilities.

In the education of hot-tempered and irritable children parents should pay special attention to"Institution" of prohibitions and punishments: as much as possible of the restrictions for the choleric child and the quick-tempered child should be expressed in speech form, and as little as possible in the physical.

The framework of the permitted is to be installed activelyfrom the very beginning, otherwise it will take a long time to struggle with the negative behavior of the child. The aggressiveness of the child should be striven to be channeled into a constructive channel.

The approach to educating children is shy, vulnerable should be somewhat different. Any situation such children endure for a long time, "digest" it in themselves. To "correct" the nature of the child, it is necessary to encourage the child to show initiative, independence, and encourage him to communicate with other people. Shy children get used to changes for a very long time, to a new environment, so you should always try to ease this period of adaptation for such a baby.

Phlegmatic and sanguine - it would seem, the most "light" types of temperament. However, parents often find that child-sanguine will not hurt to be a little more diligent, and the phlegmatic child very lacks mobility.

Calm games will help active children developso lacking perseverance - in the future this character trait is indispensable for working on homework in school, college. Phlegmatic, on the contrary, should be accustomed to mobile games for reaction, otherwise in the future they may miss something important while they "warm up".

The development of the personality of the child and the formation of character - the processes that go hand in hand: with a "heavy", sullen character, the child is difficult to become a successful personality, confident in their abilities. therefore it is important for parents to pay close attention to the formation of the character of the child and make every effort to ensure that the baby has grown harmoniously developed in all respects a person.