Varieties of pears: for the middle part of Russia, description, photo. Pear seedlings - planting and care, video
Many love the pear for its delicate aroma anddeliciously juicy taste. Indeed, in our gardens pear trees occupy the second place after apple trees. But the fruits are not only beautiful, but also useful - thanks to the high content of sugar, organic acids, enzymes, fiber, pectins, carotene and vitamins of different groups. In folk medicine, pear juice is very much appreciated, which is an excellent restorative and tonic. The homeland of the pear is Persia and China, from where this culture began a "journey" to other countries. True, the ancient pear was wild and maloedible, and its fruits were consumed only after heat treatment. Modern varieties of pears differ not only in excellent taste, but also in perfect adaptation to our climate.
Depending on the time of harvest, the pear is of summer, autumn and winter varieties.
Summer - ripens in late July, and fruiting comes to an end in early autumn. After the harvest, the fruit should be used quickly, since the shelf life is short - up to 14 days.
Autumn - the harvesting period starts in September and ends in early November. It preserves the presentation and taste qualities for about 1.5 months. Excellent raw materials for preserving and cooking jam.
Winter - late varieties, well tolerating the cold and able to safely "live" until the spring. Ripens in the middle of October.
What kind of pear to choose? Here the role is played by the region, the amount of daylight, the quality of the soil, the amount of precipitation. We will study the characteristics of the most common varieties.
Best pear varieties: with photo and description
Pear Duchess
Refers to late-summer varieties. The form is elongated, the surface slightly bumpy. The color is light green, and becomes yellow when maturing. Delicate taste, melts in the mouth. The advantage is high frost resistance and the ability to transfer dryness of air and garden diseases. It grows on any soil, regardless of the conditions of growth. One tree gives about 54 kg of fruit.
Grade: "Muscovite" pear
Autumn variety, derived by domesticbreeders and common in the Moscow region. Reaches weights up to 130 grams. Yellow-green, the pulp is delicious, the aroma is very pronounced. Yield - up to 35 kg of fruit from one tree. Other advantages include: high degree of fruiting, resistance to severe climate and diseases, long-term fruitage.
Pear "Carolla"
This variety was bred by Swedish breeders. Ripens early in the winter, and the fruit can be stored for up to two months - at temperatures from 0 to -5 degrees. Good resistance to diseases of the bark and wood, and to other diseases, low resistance (moniliosis, scab). If the ovaries are thinned, the yields will be regular and high. Fruit weight 250 grams. As the maturation changes color - from green to golden, with a red-brown "blush." Juicy, with a strong flavor.
Grade: Pear "Kondratyevka"
One of the best winter varieties with goodwinter hardiness and disease resistance. Fruits reach a mass of 125 - 209 grams. During removal from the tree, the color is greenish, which eventually turns yellow. For "Kodratyevka" is characterized by increased juiciness and subtle flavor. After cleaning, you can store it in the refrigerator until January. Perfect for canning whole fruits.
Pear of "Rukuba"
Ripens in autumn (September) and can be stored up to2 months. Large oblong fruits of yellow color, slightly bumpy, weighing up to 200 grams. The taste is sweet and sour, and the pulp is white, juicy and fragrant. High-yielding variety with good annual fruit bearing.
Varieties of pears for the middle zone of Russia: with photo and description
For cultivation in the domestic regions is bettergive preference to varieties specially bred for this area. To date, there are about 34 varieties of pears, zoned for the central part of Russia - with severe frosty winters, snows and winds. So, which grade is best to choose? Consider the most popular.
Pear "Lada"
Cone-shaped fruits of medium size haveyellow color and sweet and sour taste. High resistance to frost and disease. Ripens in the summer, prone to self-fertility. It is recommended to use immediately after collection, as it does not tolerate long-term storage.
Pear of "Rogneda"
Late-spring variety with good resistance todiseases. Fruits are rounded, with a specific taste and a delicate aroma. The color is yellowish-golden, and as it ripens it acquires a reddish-orange "tan". High yield allows you to get up to 100 kg of fruit from one tree.
Pear "Autumn favorite"
Small fruits have a greenish-yellow coloration with a brownish-red hue. The pulp is juicy, tender and fragrant.
What other varieties of pears to choose for planting in the middle band of Russia? They are: "Bessemyanka", "Oily", "Favorite Klappa", "Zhegalov's Memory" and others.
What kind of pear is better to plant in the suburbs?
The climate of the Moscow region is characterized by a hot summer andCold winter, as well as periods of off-season - autumn and spring. In addition, this area is well "watered" with rain, which allows the grower not to worry about additional watering. So pear varieties should be resistant to frost (up to -40 degrees) and to various diseases.
Pear "Chizhovskaya"
Sorts high winter hardiness, however, "does not tolerate" sudden temperature changes. During fruiting, you need to tie the tree branches.
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Pear "Severyanka"
Frost-resistant, after planting in the second or third year begins to bear fruit. It is necessary to prune.
Pear "Yeseninskaya"
Has an average resistance to frost, temperature changes and diseases. For planting it is better to choose wet areas. Fruits appear in the second year.
In addition to these varieties, a pear of "Moskvichka", "Elegant Eiffel", "Skorospelka from Michurinsk", "Century", "Srednerusskaya", "Marble" will well live on the dacha near Moscow.
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Pear seedlings - planting and care
To obtain good yields, it is important toadhere to certain rules for planting and caring for pears. The best time to plant is spring or mid-autumn, as the root system of pear seedlings is not sufficiently developed. For this reason, young trees are not easily "accustomed" to soil and grow poorly during the first two years.
How to help the seedlings adapt? Before planting, we prepare a special mallet (on a bucket of earth and humus, 300 g of superphosphate), into which we dip the root part. After planting, the seedlings should be watered abundantly, and also the ground part must be cut off.
In order to avoid winter freezing, in summer it is necessary to fertilize seedlings with nitrogen fertilizers in combination with reinforced watering and loosening.
Many varieties of pears are self-fruit. So the pledge of high yields will be the planting of several varieties that will provide mutual tolerance.
After planting seedlings should be carried outformation and cutting of the crown, which is extremely important for the crop yield. After all, a pear loves a lot of light, which means it is necessary to ensure the maximum access of the sun to its crown.
How to protect seedlings from pests? For this purpose, a solution of urea and water (700 g: 10 l), which needs to process not only the tree, but also the area around it, helps a lot.
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The best varieties of pears are those that are ideal for a specific locality. And in combination with proper and regular care, a high yield of fragrant golden fruits will not keep you waiting!
